Cupping is a practice in the coffee industry that dates back to the late 19th century when the coffee market began to expand beyond its origin in Africa. Clarence E. Brickford, a green coffee broker based out of San Francisco, developed this method of tasting to allow merchants to evaluate the quality and flavor of the coffee that was being purchased. Prior to this, merchants selected their coffee solely based on the size and color of the green coffee beans resulting in inconsistent quality and flavor profile once roasted.
The commercial roaster Hill Bros was the first to adopt this practice to their roasting operations. B. D. Balart advanced the standards and developed vocabulary for cupping; as well as advocated for blind tasting to allow merchants to set-aside biases they may have and to authentically grade the coffee.Â
Today cupping is a standard practice for the entire coffee chain - producers, importers, roasters, and baristas alike use this for green buying and quality control. Using elements like aroma, acidity, sweetness, and body allow people to understand the nuances of the coffee they are tasting.Â
Diving further, cupping is a meticulous process. Before one starts it is key to allow the coffee to rest post roast to allow the degassing process to occur. Degassing is when trapped CO2 is released from the bean allowing the ideal flavor profile to be achieved. Once the coffee has rested we grind 13 grams at a medium-coarse setting and take note of what we can smell. It is important to note that during each phase of this process it is important to smell the coffee and take mental or physical notes of what you can smell and see.Â
From there, the timer will start and we pour 200ml of 208 degrees fahrenheit filtered water over the bed of coffee. After the water is poured over the bed of grounds a crust will form on the top of the cup. This crust is made up of water-soluble compounds and volatile elements, including coffee oils, fine coffee particles, and aromatic gases. The crust acts as a protective layer during the brewing process, helping the trapped aroma fully develop before tasting. Â
At the four minute mark we take a cupping spoon and gently break the crust. Doing this allows the grounds at the top of the cup to settle down to the bottom of the cup. Once the grounds settle we will skim the remaining foam off of the top and discard it.Â
The final step before you begin tasting is to allow the coffee to cool down to desired temperature. Typically we allow it to cool down to around the 15 minute mark. As the coffee cools the flavor will be more prominent and you will find the coffee becomes sweeter. From there we taste and evaluate the flavor and determine our thoughts on the coffee.Â
We use cupping to taste samples from our importers. Being able to evaluate coffees before committing to contracting them allows us to curate a menu that is best suited to our preferences. When we are working to release a new coffee we use cupping to determine if we have developed the coffee to its highest potential. Additionally, we cup weekly to act as quality control of the current lineup of our offerings. Doing this ensures that we are achieving consistency for our retail and wholesale partners. We determine if the profile needs to be adjusted over time as aging occurs.Â
In all, cupping has come a long way since the late 19th century. We value this tedious practice to grade the coffee we serve you. Next time you enjoy a cup of coffee at home or in one of our cafe’s, we recommend taking a moment to pause and appreciate everything behind the cup in your hand.Â